Behaviourism
It
combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and theory. It emerged in the early twentieth
century as a reaction to "mentalistic" psychology, that could be
tested using rigorous experimental methods. That psychology should have only
concerned itself with observable events. Its main influences were Ivan Pavlov,
who investigated classical conditioning,which depends on stimulus/response.
Classical conditioning:
is the process of reflex learning—investigated by
Pavlov—through which an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. food) which
produces an unconditioned response (salivation) is presented together
with a conditioned stimulus (a bell), such that the salivation is
eventually produced on the presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone,
thus becoming a conditioned response.
